inthepast,inthepast是完成时的标志吗?
in the past不是完成时的标志,而是过去式的标志inthepast。但是 in the last/past +数字+years(在过去的多少年里)是现在完成时的标志。
It was fashionable in the past that women were laced in.
在过去,妇女束腰是时尚的。
In the past 10 years China has speeded up urbanization.
10年来,中国加快了城市化进程。
He’s been looking so blue in the past few days.
这几天他看上去很沮丧。
In the past :在过去,是过去时间状语,必须与一般过去时连用.
What kind of drugs did you take in the past?
你过去吃过什么药?
In the past she lived in a dream.
过去,她过着梦一般的生活。
inthepast用什么时态?
现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时:主语+动词的过去分词。
对于汉语圈的人来说,关键在于这个时态的用法。这个时态在英语和美语之间,使用上也存在一些差别。一般来说,用于如下三种情况:
过去的经验:
Experience from the past。
We are not interested in when you did something。 We only want to know if you did it。我们不想知道你是什么时候做的某件事情,我们只想知道你是否作过。这就是和过去时的区别,过去是强调是过去。
例如:I have read that book。 He has lived in America。 这些事情发生在过去(与过去有联系),现在在我的脑海里有这个记忆,我知道了过去发生的这些事情,我有了这些事情的经验(与现在有联系)。
改变
A change or new information。
例如:I have bought a notebook computer。就是说,上周我还没有笔记本电脑,但是现在我有了。这就是状态的改变(说话者并不关心你是什么时候买的,他只是关心你的状态的改变:没有→有),用现在完成事。又如:The police have arrested the killer。
持续的状态
A State started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future)。 也就是说一个状态,从过去持续到现在,而且很有可能继续持续到将来。
例如:I have studied here since June。这是一个状态(而不是动作),我们经常与for或者since连用。又如:They have been married for five years。
强调的是过去和现在的联系。
美国人不像英国人那样常用现在完成时,美国人经常用过去时代替,例如美国人经常说:Didyou have lunch?而英国人会说:Have you had lunch?
for和since经常用在现在完成时中表示时间,for表示的是时间的长度,例如,for 6 months, for 20 years。
。。;而since表示的是从过去的某时间点,例如:since1960, since Monday。。。。另外,for可以用在任何时态,而since一般只用在完成时。
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
—-|——-|—–|—->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a。 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris。
b。 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away。
c。 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示”原本…,未能…”
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office。
A。 had written, left B,were writing, has left C。 had written, had left D。 were writing, had left
答案D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在”去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此”忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。
句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在”同学们正忙于……”这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it。
。