书面表达(怎样写好书面表达)

2022-11-04 11:38:33 百科大全 投稿:一盘搜百科
摘要张同冰01写在前面书面表达(北京中考试卷中叫做“文段表达”)是各级英语测试中必不可少的一道大题,旨在考查学生的英语书面语言能力(当然还不能称作“写作能力”)。中考乃至高考中的“书面表达”,充其量只能算

张同冰

书面表达(怎样写好书面表达)

01

写在前面

书面表达(北京中考试卷中叫做“文段表达”)是各级英语测试中必不可少的一道大题,旨在考查学生的英语书面语言能力(当然还不能称作“写作能力”)。中考乃至高考中的“书面表达”,充其量只能算是邯郸学步东施效颦照猫画虎,离真正意义上的“写作”差的十万八千里,远远谈不上对学生知识面、阅读面、观察面、思维面等等的有效考察。

所以,只要学生英语基础还不错,基础词汇语法方面有点积累,了解英语五大基本句型,知道基本常用的那几种时态,加上你脑子灵活,应对此题,在满分10分的卷面中,拿到7-8分,应该是轻轻松松。

可是,总有很多同学,面对书面表达,脑子一片空白,不知所措,无从下手,像我们陕西人形容的,“老虎想吃天,没法下爪子。”

从根本上讲,真正要写好作文,答好书面表达,在平时一点一滴的英语学习中,在平时的听说读写的训练中,靠的是平时扎扎实实老老实实的积累。就像老话说的:

不经一番寒彻骨,怎得梅花扑鼻香。

滴水能把石穿透,万事功到自然成。

要明白,英语学习听说读写的技能,是你中有我,我中有你,相互作用,相辅相成的,而不是孤立的。它们几个兄弟是拉帮结派的,而不是单打独斗,各人自扫门前雪的。

宋朝大诗人陆游给他的一个儿子传授写诗的经验时写道,“汝果欲学诗,工夫在诗外。”(《剑南诗稿》卷七十八)就是这个道理。

02

写作步骤

那么,在考场上,怎么才能写好一篇像模像样能拿高分的“书面表达(文段表达)”呢?

我们不妨以2021北京海淀初三<上>期中试题中的“文段表达(10分)”为例,加以说明。

文段表达

56.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。

文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①

假如你是李华,学校英语社团的负责人,你校将在本月为外国交换生举办一次“指尖上的中国”传统文化体验活动(Hands-on Experience of Traditional Chinese Culture)。请你用英语写一则活动推送,介绍该活动的时间、地点、内容和意义。

提示词语:moon-cake, Chinese clay art, make, symbol, spread

提示问题:

● When and where are you going to hold the activity?

● What are you going to do?

● Why is the activity held?

Dear students,

We are going to hold an activity about traditional Chinese culture. You will have a hands-on experience of it. ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

English Club

我们尝试给出一个比较有操作性的方法与步骤——

第一步:认真审题

1、体裁:书信体

(“活动推送”,实质就是“说明”,介绍一项活动,语言平实)

2、人称:第一人称(视情况可用第一人称单复数)

3、时态:①一般现在时②一般将来时③

4、活动主题:“指尖上的中国”传统文化体验活动;

5、内容要求:介绍该活动的时间、地点、内容和意义;

6、规定性范围要求:根据中文和英文提示(不能跑题,随意发挥)

7、字数要求:不少于50词;

8、较高要求:所给提示词语仅供选用(需要有自己的补充,让信息更加丰富,内容更加充实)。

第二步:吃透“提示词语”和“提示问题”

第三步:尝试使用“提示词语”回答那三个问题:

(1)When and where are you going to hold the activity?(时间、地点

【答】It will be held in the school art room at 3:30 p.m. next Friday.

(2)What are you going to do?

【答】Here are some of the exciting activities. (这句是“总(说)”,下面分三句交代清楚,这就巧妙使用了“总—①分—②分—③分”的结构,技法纯熟高超,太漂亮了!)

First of all, we are going to make mooncakes.

Besides, you will have the chance to learn how to create Chinese clay art pieces that are cute and lively! Isn’t it amazing?

In addition, we will learn to make sky lanterns with bamboo and paper.

注意,这里使用了表示次序的First of all, Besides, In addition,思路清晰,层次分明,井然有序,阅卷老师眼前一亮,甚至会有点心潮澎湃的赶脚,给分!

(3) Why is the activity held?

这个问题,其实就是要你说说这次活动的“意义”了,是你发挥自己创造性、能动性,显示你本事,让你露一手的关键时刻了。

Traditional food and art forms carry people’s wishes. This activity will not only help our exchange students better understand Chinese symbols, but also help to spread Chinese culture. What’s more, it offers us a chance to make friends.

这里,作者使用了not only…but also, 还使用了What’s more,可谓画龙点睛,锦上添花。很多老师学生口口声声讲书面表达要用“高级表达”,啥叫高级表达?这难道不是吗?

第四步:收尾

最后不忘来句客套话,既是邀请,又是结句,彬彬有礼,章法严密,完美收官。

We hope you can join us and enjoy this hands-on experience!

第五步:连缀成篇

就是把上面所有句子按一定的严密逻辑、合理顺序,完完整整写出来。

第六步:检查1-2遍

写完后,别急着去交卷,记得从头至尾细细检查一遍,看看是否有遗漏,有瑕疵?弥补失误,杜绝错误,做到尽善尽美,不留遗憾。

参考答案One possible version:

Dear Students,

We are going to hold an activity about traditional Chinese culture. You will have a hands-on experience of it. It will be held in the school art room at 3:30 p.m. next Friday.

Here are some of the exciting activities. First of all, we are going to make mooncakes. Besides, you will have the chance to learn how to create Chinese clay art pieces that are cute and lively! Isn’t it amazing? In addition, we will learn to make sky lanterns with bamboo and paper.

Traditional food and art forms carry people’s wishes. This activity will not only help our exchange students better understand Chinese symbols, but also help to spread Chinese culture. What’s more, it offers us a chance to make friends.

We hope you can join us and enjoy this hands-on experience!

English Club

03

文段表达评分标准

我们来看看“文段表达”的官方评分标准——

第一档:(9~10分)

完全符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。句式多样,词汇丰富。语言准确,语意连贯,表达清楚,具有逻辑性。(这是最高要求,一定努力做到)

第二档:(6~8分)

基本符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯,表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。

第三档:(3~5分)

部分内容符合题目要求,要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,表达不够清楚,影响整体理解。

第四档:(0~2分)

与题目有关内容不多,只是简单拼凑提示词语,所写内容难以理解。

请对照上面几条标准,看看你目前处于哪个level?你要怎么努力,才能达到第一档的完美要求?不妨静下心来,仔细想想,找出问题症结所在,寻求正确、有效的解决之道。否则,原地踏步,我行我素,可不行吧?

04

秘笈总结

下面做一总结。

为简便起见,我们简单粗暴就事论事,从实际角度来看看怎么写这个“文段表达”才算过关,才能拿到比较好看的分数?

1、仔细审题,了解要求;

2、搞清文体(书信体?议论文?),以便考虑遣词造句及短文结构;

3、把“提示词语”和“提示问题”过一遍,这是关键,一定不能马虎,否则会跑题;

4、试着笔头回答那三个“提示问题”,尽量/一定/必须用完整句子按照次序来回答;

5、写出那三个问题的答案后,看看前后是否通顺?连贯?是否需要连接词(and, but, so, however, although, first, next, then, at last, in a word)?

6、是否自然而然不露声色(并非生硬,牵强)地用到了所有的“提示词语”?

7、在保证语法、意义正确的情况下,尝试使用分词短语(现在分词短语作状语)、复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句),以增加语言的表现力,给你加分。

8、写完后,做检查:

(1)单词拼写(2)语法(名词单复数、动词形式与时态等)(3)句子结构(主谓宾状等是否完整)(4)要点是否齐全(5)是否达到评分标准第一档的要求,即:完全符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全,句式多样,词汇丰富,语言准确,语意连贯,表达清楚,具有逻辑性。

9、书写是否规范?工整?卷面是否整洁?不潦草?难以辨认?

05

范文两例

范文一

文段表达。(10 分)

(选自西城区2021-2022 学年度第一学期初三年级期中测验?英语学科)

39. 根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于 50 词的文段写作。文中已给出内容

不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

现在,某英文网站正在开展以“一次后悔的经历”为主题的征文活动。假如你是

李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈一谈一次令你后悔的经历,主要内容包括:

发生了什么令你后悔的事情,你为什么后悔,以及你得到了什么教训。

提示词语:confident, laugh at, unnecessary, lose, prepare

提示问题:

1. What was your regrettable experience?

2. What have you learnt from the experience?

参考答案One possible version:

When I was in Grade Seven, my class took part in the annual basketball matches. My teammates and I were quite confident about our skills and abilities because each of us was a good player. When we saw players from other classes training after school, we were laughing at their hard work thought it was unnecessary. When we were playing against the other teams, we tried our best but we found we couldn’t make it because we were so terrible at cooperating with each other. We lost the match. I was really regretful because we should have prepared more and trained after school. We were too confident and we forgot that basketball was a team sport which required cooperation. We have learnt to be humble and prepare fully until the last minute.

范文二

(该题选自2021北京海淀初三<上>期中试题)

每个人的生活都需要沟通。沟通像人与人心灵交流的纽带,把大家拉近;沟通像一缕和煦的阳光,能消除大家的隔阂;沟通像一盒七彩糖果,能使我们原本平淡的生活多姿多彩。

某英文网站正在开展以“学会沟通”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,分享你认为最有用的沟通技巧以及它给你带来的好处。

提示词语:listen, polite, understand, respect, get on well with

提示问题:● What is the skill you find most useful to communicate better?

●Please share your experience of getting it.

● How do you benefit from it?

It’s important to learn to communicate well with others. ______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

参考答案One possible version:

Among all the communicating skills, I find the ability to listen the most useful. This simple yet powerful skill helps to work wonders in our lives.

Before, unaware of the importance of listening, I was always eager to express my views first and frequently interrupted others. These annoyed others and I felt upset, too. Then my mom pointed out my problem. Thanks to her, I learned to be a good listener. I now listen with patience and respect, showing others that I truly care about them. And it helps me win their respect.

Ever since I became a good listener, communicating with others has become a source of joy and comfort. My presence is often welcome, and we enjoy each other’s company.

All in all, the power of listening enables me to reach the hearts of those I care about, harvesting happiness and better communication.(自己体会文章妙处,划出此文的亮点)

【TIPS贴士】初高中其他年级同学全都适用。

张老师 2021-11-15 午后,北京

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